The Manuscipts Problem - https://hc.edu/museums/dunham-bible-museum/tour-of-the-museum/past-exhibits/biblical-manuscripts/
Different Formats of Early Scripture Scroll: a rolled piece of papyrus or parchment. All of the original scriptures were written on scrolls. Codex: a book made up of paper, parchment, or papyrus, with one end bound. Palimpsest: a manuscript page that has been washed off so that it can be reused. Hebrew Scriptures Great Isaiah Scroll, 202-107 B.C., facsimile The Great Isaiah Scroll is one of the original Dead Sea Scrolls discovered in 1947 and is the most complete of the Hebrew Scriptures Dead Sea Scrolls found in the Qumran Caves. The scroll was written on seventeen sheets of parchment, connected into a scroll. Differences between this scroll and the later Masoretic text are mostly grammatical and spelling differences.
Jesus spoke Aramaic - and there is No Original 100 percent Aramaic Text; however we will try to extract some passages which Logiacally correspond with each other throughout the "Biblical Connection";
What is a Manuscript?
A manuscript is a hand-written document. The word has its origin in Latin: manu (hand) and scriptum (written). There are approximately 5,800 Greek manuscripts of the New Testament. In addition, there are 10,000 Latin manuscripts, and 9,300 manuscripts in other languages. The New Testament autographa, the manuscripts written by the original authors, are unavailable, but manuscripts have been discovered that are dated as early as the 2nd century.
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Early manuscripts were written on either:
Parchment: writing material made from animal skin (might be lamb, goat, deer, or cow), or
Papyrus: a reed plant that grows along the banks of the Nile. There are 1,276 New Testament papyri, the earliest copies of portions of the New Testament.
20 And God spoke all these words:
2 “I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of Egypt, out of the land of slavery.
3 “You shall have no other gods before[a] me.
4 “You shall not make for yourself an image in the form of anything in heaven above or on the earth beneath or in the waters below. 5 You shall not bow down to them or worship them; for I, the Lord your God, am a jealous God, punishing the children for the sin of the parents to the third and fourth generation of those who hate me, 6 but showing love to a thousand generations of those who love me and keep my commandments. (do most Christians worship Jesus along/ with God ... or take his name in Prayer instead of God)
7 “You shall not misuse the name of the Lord your God, for the Lord will not hold anyone guiltless who misuses his name.
So basically God is not Human - and is not 1 or 3(trinity) which was a Concept introduced later on at the Council of Nicea 325CE; https://www.britannica.com/event/First-Council-of-Nicaea-325
שְׁמַע יִשְׂרָאֵל יְיָ אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ יְיָ אֶחָדSh'ma Yisra'eil Adonai Eloheinu Adonai echad.
Hear, Israel, the Lord is our God, the Lord is One.
in an undertone
בָּרוּךְ שֵׁם כְּבוֹד מַלְכוּתוֹ - The Shema is the Declaration of Faith (in One Supreme God int he Torah - Old and New Testament);
Barukh sheim k'vod malkhuto.
Blessed be the Name of His glorious kingdomלְעוֹלָם וָעֶד
l'olam va'ed. for ever and everוְאָהַבְתָּ אֵת יְיָ אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ V'ahavta eit Adonai ElohekhaV. And you shall love the Lord your God
בְּכָל לְבָבְךָ וּבְכָל נַפְשְׁךָ
b'khol l'vavkha uv'khol nafsh'kha. with all your heart and with all your soulוּבְכָל מְאֹדֶֽךָ
uv'khol m'odekha and with all your mightוְהָיוּ הַדְּבָרִים הָאֵֽלֶּה
V'hayu had'varim ha'eileh And it shall be that these wordsאֲשֶׁר אָנֹכִי מְצַוְּךָ הַיּוֹם
asher anokhi m'tzavkha hayom that I command you todayעַל לְבָבֶֽךָ
al l'vavekha [shall be] in your heartוְשִׁנַּנְתָּם לְבָנֶֽיךָ
V'shinantam l'vanekha And you shall teach them diligently to your childrenוְדִבַּרְתָּ בָּםv'dibarta bam and you shall speak of themבְּשִׁבְתְּךָ בְּבֵיתֶֽךָ
b'shivt'kha b'veitekha when you sit at homeוּבְלֶכְתְּךָ בַדֶּֽרֶךְ
uv'lekht'kha vaderekh and when you walk along the way
וּבְשָׁכְבְּךָ וּבְקוּמֶֽךָuv'shakhb'kha uv'kumekha
and when you lie down and when you rise up.וּקְשַׁרְתָּם לְאוֹת עַל יָדֶֽךָ
Uk'shartam l'ot al yadekha. And you shall bind them as a sign on your handוְהָיוּ לְטֹטָפֹת בֵּין עֵינֶֽיךָ
v'hayu l'totafot bein einekha. and they shall be for totafot between your eyesוּכְתַבְתָּם
Ukhtavtam And you shall write themעַל מְזֻזוֹת בֵּיתֶֽךָ וּבִשְׁעָרֶֽיךָ
al m'zuzot beitekha uvish'arekha on the doorposts of your house and on your gates; https://www.jewfaq.org/prayers_shema;
Deuteronomy 6: 4 Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God, the Lord is one.[a] 5 Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your strength. 6 These commandments that I give you today are to be on your hearts. 7 Impress them on your children. Talk about them when you sit at home and when you walk along the road, when you lie down and when you get up. 8 Tie them as symbols on your hands and bind them on your foreheads. 9 Write them on the doorframes of your houses and on your gates. -
Numbers 23:19 - God is Not Human, that he should lie,
not a human being, that he should change his mind.
Does he speak and then not act?
Does he promise and not fulfill?
The Unity of God- Shema of Israel -
The NAMES OF ALLAH - Hebrew, Arabic - English
The translation Problem... these are Common Names used int he Torah and New Testament and Qur'an Kareem; of course many of other's God Attributes are not listed here;
Only God is good Scripture: Ezekiel 7-8, Psalm 116, Matthew 19 Matthew 19:17 “Why do you ask me about what is good?” Jesus replied. “There is only One who is good. If you want to enter life, keep the commandments.” Mark 10:18 “Why do you call me good?” Jesus answered. “No one is good—except God alone. Observation The rich young ruler approached Jesus and asked, “What good thing must I do to inherit eternal life?” Jesus answered, “Why do you ask me about what is good? There is only One who is good.” There is a slight difference in Mark’s gospel. The young man asked, “Good teacher, what must I do to inherit eternal life?” Jesus answered, “Why do you call me good? No one is good—except God alone.” Romans 3:10–12 As it is written: “There is no one righteous, not even one; 11 there is no one who understands; there is no one who seeks God. 12 All have turned away, they have together become worthless; there is no one who does good, not even one.” No one is good. All of us have turned away. We love the fantasy of human goodness. We say it all the time: people are basically good. Or, “He/she is a good person.” Jesus says, “No one is good, except God alone.” That’s not to say that we are incapable of doing good. We are capable of doing good, but we are rebels. Sinners. Not good.
Shema - Unity of God in new Testament - Pure Monotheism -Jesus taught the Sh'ema; as opposed to what Paul and others taught later on ("trinity" and the like)
Mathew 22:36-38
New International Version
36 “Teacher, which is the greatest commandment in the Law?”
37 Jesus replied: “‘Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind.’[a] 38 This is the first and greatest commandment.
JESUS about God:
Mathew 7:22 - New International Version
Many will say to me on that day, True and False Disciples
21 “Not everyone who says to me, ‘Lord, Lord,’ will enter the kingdom of heaven, but only the one who does the will of my Father who is in heaven. 22 Many will say to me on that day, ‘Lord, Lord, did we not prophesy in your name and in your name drive out demons and in your name perform many miracles?’ 23 Then I will tell them plainly, ‘I never knew you. Away from me, you evildoers!’-because calling Jesus "Lord" instead of God;
The Trinity is Not Biblical *
https://www.ucg.ca/booklets/is-god-a-trinity/surprising-origins-trinity-doctrine - But should we really base our view of God on a doctrine that isn't spelled out in the Bible, that wasn't formalized until three centuries after the time of Jesus Christ and the apostles, that was debated and argued for decades (not to mention for centuries since), that was imposed by religious councils presided over by novices or nonbelievers and that was "decided by the method of trial and error"? Of course not.
https://www.ucg.ca/booklets/is-god-a-trinity/greek-philosophys-influence-trinity-doctrine
To briefly summarize what was pertinent, we start with mention of the famous Greek philosopher Plato (ca. 429-347 B.C.). He believed in a divine triad of "God, the ideas, [and] the World-Spirit," though he "nowhere explained or harmonized this triad" (Charles Bigg, Christian Platonists of Alexandria, 1886, p. 249).
Later Greek thinkers refined Plato's concepts into what they referred to as three "substances"—the supreme God or "the One," from which came "mind" or "thought" and a "spirit" or "soul." In their thinking, all were different divine "substances" or aspects of the same God. Another way of expressing this was as "good," the personification of that good, and the agent by which that good is carried out. Again, these were different divine aspects of that same supreme good—distinct and yet unified as one.
Such metaphysical thinking was common among the intelligentsia of the Greek world and carried over into the thinking of the Roman world of the New Testament period and succeeding centuries. As the last of the apostles began to die off, some of this metaphysical thinking began to affect and infiltrate the early Church—primarily through those who had already begun to compromise with paganism.
God in Islam- Allah(Subhana wa ta Ala- Glory be to Him the Most High) is the Same God of the Bible
Sahih International: Say, "We have believed in Allah and in what was revealed to us and what was revealed to Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, and the Descendants, and in what was given to Moses and Jesus and to the prophets from their Lord. We make no distinction between any of them, and we are Muslims [submitting] to Him." - surah Al Imran 3:84;
Or did you witness when death came to Jacob? He asked his children, “Who will you worship after my passing?” They replied, “We will ˹continue to˺ worship your God, the God of your forefathers—Abraham, Ishmael, and Isaac—the One God. And to Him we ˹all˺ submit.” - surah Baqarah 2:133
Surah Maidah 5:13-14 Allah made a covenant with the Children of Israel and appointed twelve leaders from among them and ˹then˺ said, “I am truly with you. If you establish prayer, pay alms-tax, believe in My messengers, support them, and lend to Allah a good loan, I will certainly forgive your sins and admit you into Gardens under which rivers flow. And whoever among you disbelieves afterwards has truly strayed from the Right Way.” But for breaking their covenant We condemned them and hardened their hearts. They distorted the words of the Scripture and neglected a portion of what they had been commanded to uphold.
You ˹O Prophet˺ will always find deceit on their part, except for a few. But pardon them and bear with them. Indeed, Allah loves the good-doers.
And from those who say, “We are Christians,” We took their covenant, but they neglected a portion of what they had been commanded to uphold. So We let hostility and enmity arise between them until the Day of Judgment, and soon Allah will inform them of all they have done.
Indeed, those who say, “Allah is the Messiah, son of Mary,” have fallen into disbelief. Say, ˹O Prophet,˺ “Who has the power to prevent Allah if He chose to destroy the Messiah, son of Mary, his mother, and everyone in the world all together?” To Allah ˹alone˺ belongs the kingdom of the heavens and the earth and everything in between. He creates whatever He wills. And Allah is Most Capable of everything.5:14/15;
And ˹on Judgment Day˺ Allah will say, “O Jesus, son of Mary! Did you ever ask the people to worship you and your mother as gods besides Allah?” He will answer, “Glory be to You! How could I ever say what I had no right to say? If I had said such a thing, you would have certainly known it. You know what is ˹hidden˺ within me, but I do not know what is within You. Indeed, You ˹alone˺ are the Knower of all unseen. - Surah Maidah/ The Table Spread - 5:17
He is Allah—there is no god ‘worthy of worship’ except Him: Knower of the seen and unseen. He is the Most Compassionate, Most Merciful. He is Allah—there is no god except Him: the King, the Most Holy, the All-Perfect, the Source of Serenity, the Watcher ‘of all’, the Almighty, the Supreme in Might,1 the Majestic. Glorified is Allah far above what they associate with Him ˹in worship˺! He is Allah: the Creator, the Inventor, the Shaper. He‘alone’ has the Most Beautiful Names. Whatever is in the heavens and the earth ‘constantly’ glorifies Him. And He is the Almighty, All-Wise. (Qur’an 59 – 22/23/24)
# ALLAH'S 99 NAMES (Some of His Names in Islamic Literature - Qur'an and Hadeeth): Name Transliteration Meaning 1 الرَّحْمَنُ AR-RAHMAAN The Beneficent ;2 الرَّحِيمُ AR-RAHEEM The Merciful 3 الْمَلِكُ AL-MALIK The Eternal Lord 4 الْقُدُّوسُ AL-QUDDUS The Most Sacred 5 السَّلاَمُ AS-SALAM The embodiment of Peace 6 الْمُؤْمِنُ AL-MU’MIN The Infuser of Faith 7 الْمُهَيْمِنُ AL-MUHAYMIN The Preserver of Safety 8 الْعَزِيزُ AL-AZIZ All Mighty 9 الْجَبَّارُ AL-JABBAR The Compeller, The Restorer 10 الْمُتَكَبِّر AL-MUTAKABBIR The Supreme, The Majestic 11 الْخَالِقُ AL-KHAALIQ The Creator, The Maker 12 الْبَارِئُ AL-BAARI The Evolver 13 الْمُصَوِّرُ AL-MUSAWWIR The Fashioner 14 الْغَفَّارُ AL-GHAFFAR The Great Forgiver 15 الْقَهَّارُ AL-QAHHAR The All-Prevailing One 16 الْوَهَّابُ AL-WAHHAAB The Supreme Bestower 17 الرَّزَّاقُ AR-RAZZAAQ The Provider 18 الْفَتَّاحُ AL-FATTAAH The Supreme Solver 19 اَلْعَلِيْمُ AL-‘ALEEM The All-Knowing 20 الْقَابِضُ AL-QAABID The Withholder 21 الْبَاسِطُ AL-BAASIT The Extender 22 الْخَافِضُ AL-KHAAFIDH The Reducer 23 الرَّافِعُ AR-RAAFI’ The Exalter, The Elevator 24 الْمُعِزُّ AL-MU’IZZ The Honourer, The Bestower 25 ٱلْمُذِلُّ AL-MUZIL The Dishonourer, The Humiliator 26 السَّمِيعُ AS-SAMEE’ The All-Hearing 27 الْبَصِيرُ AL-BASEER The All-Seeing 28 الْحَكَمُ AL-HAKAM The Impartial Judge 29 الْعَدْلُ AL-‘ADL The Utterly Just 30 اللَّطِيفُ AL-LATEEF The Subtle One, The Most Gentle 31 الْخَبِيرُ AL-KHABEER The All-Aware 32 الْحَلِيمُ AL-HALEEM The Most Forbearing 33 الْعَظِيمُ AL-‘AZEEM The Magnificent, The Supreme 34 الْغَفُور AL-GHAFOOR The Great Forgiver 35 الشَّكُورُ ASH-SHAKOOR The Most Appreciative 36 الْعَلِيُّ AL-‘ALEE The Most High, The Exalted 37 الْكَبِيرُ AL-KABEER The Preserver, The All-Heedful and All-Protecting 38 الْحَفِيظُ AL-HAFEEDH The Preserver 39 المُقيِت AL-MUQEET The Sustainer 40 الْحسِيبُ AL-HASEEB The Reckoner 41 الْجَلِيلُ AL-JALEEL The Majestic 42 الْكَرِيمُ AL-KAREEM The Most Generous, The Most Esteemed 43 الرَّقِيبُ AR-RAQEEB The Watchful 44 ٱلْمُجِيبُ AL-MUJEEB The Responsive One 45 الْوَاسِعُ AL-WAASI’ The All-Encompassing, the Boundless 46 الْحَكِيمُ AL-HAKEEM The All-Wise 47 الْوَدُودُ AL-WADUD The Most Loving 48 الْمَجِيدُ AL-MAJEED The Glorious, The Most Honorable 49 الْبَاعِثُ AL-BA’ITH The
Infuser of New Life 50 الشَّهِيدُ ASH-SHAHEED The All Observing Witnessing 51 الْحَقُ AL-HAQQ The Absolute Truth 52 الْوَكِيلُ AL-WAKEEL The Trustee, The Disposer of Affairs 53 الْقَوِيُ AL-QAWIYY The All-Strong 54 الْمَتِينُ AL-MATEEN The Firm, The Steadfast 55 الْوَلِيُّ AL-WALIYY The Protecting Associatey 56 الْحَمِيدُ AL-HAMEED The Praiseworthy 57 الْمُحْصِي AL-MUHSEE The All-Enumerating, The Counter 58 الْمُبْدِئُ AL-MUBDI The Originator, The Initiator 59 ٱلْمُعِيدُ AL-MUEED The Restorer, The Reinstater 60 الْمُحْيِي AL-MUHYI The Giver of Life 61 اَلْمُمِيتُ AL-MUMEET The Inflicter of Death 62 الْحَيُّ AL-HAYY The Ever-Living 63 الْقَيُّومُ AL-QAYYOOM The Sustainer, The Self-Subsisting 64 الْوَاجِدُ AL-WAAJID The Perceiver 65 الْمَاجِدُ AL-MAAJID The Illustrious, the Magnificent 66 الْواحِدُ AL-WAAHID The One 67 اَلاَحَدُ AL-AHAD The Unique, The Only One 68 الصَّمَدُ AS-SAMAD The Eternal, Satisfier of Needs 69 الْقَادِرُ AL-QADEER The Omnipotent One 70 الْمُقْتَدِرُ AL-MUQTADIR The Powerful 71 الْمُقَدِّمُ AL-MUQADDIM The Expediter, The Promoter 72 الْمُؤَخِّرُ AL-MU’AKHKHIR The Delayer 73 الأوَّلُ AL-AWWAL The First 74 الآخِرُ AL-AAKHIR The Last 75 الظَّاهِرُ AZ-ZAAHIR The Manifest 76 الْبَاطِنُ AL-BAATIN The Hidden One, Knower of the Hidden 77 الْوَالِي AL-WAALI The Governor, The Patron 78 الْمُتَعَالِي AL-MUTA’ALI The Self Exalted 79 الْبَرُّ AL-BARR The Source of All Goodness 80 التَّوَابُ AT-TAWWAB The Ever-Pardoning, The Relenting 81 الْمُنْتَقِمُ AL-MUNTAQIM The Avenger 82 العَفُوُ AL-‘AFUWW The Pardoner 83 الرَّؤُوفُ AR-RA’OOF The Most Kind 84 َمَالِكُ ٱلْمُلْكُ MAALIK-UL-MULK Master of the Kingdom, Owner of the Dominion 85 ذُوالْجَلاَلِ وَالإكْرَامِ DHUL-JALAALI WAL-IKRAAM Possessor of Glory and Honour, Lord of Majesty and Generosity 86 الْمُقْسِطُ AL-MUQSIT The Just One 87 الْجَامِعُ AL-JAAMI’ The Gatherer, the Uniter 88 ٱلْغَنيُّ AL-GHANIYY The Self-Sufficient, The Wealthy 89 ٱلْمُغْنِيُّ AL-MUGHNI The Enricher 90 اَلْمَانِعُ AL-MANI’ The Withholder 91 الضَّارَ AD-DHARR The Distresser 92 النَّافِعُ AN-NAFI’ The Propitious, the
Benefactor 93 النُّورُ AN-NUR The Light, The Illuminator 94 الْهَادِي AL-HAADI The Guide 95 الْبَدِيعُ AL-BADEE’ The Incomparable Originator 96 اَلْبَاقِي AL-BAAQI The Everlasting 97 الْوَارِثُ AL-WAARITH The Inheritor, The Heir 98 الرَّشِيدُ AR-RASHEED The Guide, Infallible Teacher 99 الصَّبُورُ AS-SABOOR The Forbearing, The Patient
The Word of God is based on Monotheism/ tawheed;